Ukwemba

Yintoni iShishini leMigodi

Ishishini lezemigodi liquka ukuhlola, ukumba, kunye nokucutshungulwa kwezixhobo zezimbiwa (ezifana namalahle, ipetroliyam, isinyithi, njl.njl.) ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamandla, izixhobo zoshishino, kunye nophuhliso lweziseko.

Ukumba kubandakanya ukukhutshelwa kwezinto eziqinileyo ezifumaneka ngokwendalo (umz., amalahle kunye neeminerali), ulwelo (umz., ioyile ekrwada), okanye iiminerali zegesi (umz., igesi yendalo). Oku kuquka ukumba ngaphantsi komhlaba okanye evulekileyo, ukusebenza kwemigodi, kunye nayo yonke imisebenzi yokucubungula edla ngokwenziwa kwindawo okanye kufutshane nendawo yemigodi - njengokutyumza, ukugaya, ukuhluza, kunye nokulungisa - ejolise ekulungiseleleni izinto eziluhlaza. Ikwagubungela ukucutshungulwa okubalulekileyo kweemveliso ezithengiswayo. Imisebenzi efana nokuqokelelwa/ukucoca/ukusasazwa kwamanzi, uphando lwejoloji, kunye nobunjineli bokwakha ayibandakanywanga.

Uhlulo lweShishini (Ngokusekelwe kwi-GB/T4754-2017)

Icandelo lezemigodi lihlelwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

•Ukumbiwa kwamalahle kunye nokuhlanjwa: Ukukhupha nokucubungula izixhobo zamalahle.

•Ukumbiwa kwePetroleum neGesi yendalo: Ukumbiwa kweoyile ekrwada kunye negesi yendalo emhlabeni naselunxwemeni.

•Ukumbiwa kwentsimbi yesinyithi eyomileyo/engeyoyesinyithi: Ukukhupha iintsimbi zesinyithi (isinyithi, i-manganese, i-chromium) kunye neentsimbi ezingezoyesinyithi (ubhedu, ilothe, i-zinc, njl.njl.).

•Ukwembiwa kwemigodi okungeyonsimbi: Ukwembiwa kweeminerali ezingeyonsimbi ezifana nesanti, igrabile, kunye neekhemikhali.

•Imisebenzi yeNkxaso yoMgodi: Ukubonelela ngenkxaso yobugcisa kunye neenkonzo zokulungiselela ukukhutshelwa.

•Ezinye iimigodi: Zigubungela izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezifana namandla obushushu bomhlaba kunye namanzi eeminerali.

Ulwakhiwo lweCandelo leShishini

Uthotho lwexabiso lwemigodi luquka ukuhlola, ukutsala, ukucubungula (umz., ukugalela intsimbi, ukunyibilikisa), kunye nokurisayikilisha izixhobo, nto leyo ebonelela ngezinto ezisisiseko zeenkqubo zoshishino.

Imingeni yokusebenza kwezemigodi

Ukwemba yindawo esetyenziswa kakhulu kwiivalvu kunye neepayipi, apho iimeko ezinzima zokusebenza zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukukhethwa, uyilo, kunye nobomi bepayipi. Apha ngezantsi kukho uhlalutyo olucwangcisiweyo lwemingeni yokwemba kwiipayipi kuzo zonke iinkalo ezine, kunye nedatha exhasayo kunye nemizekelo:

I. Iimpawu zeMedia: Ukuqina okuphezulu, Ukurhawuzelelwa okuqatha, Ukuhamba kweMigca emininzi

•Ubunzima bezinto kunye nobungakanani beParticle:

Iintlobo ze-ore:Iintsimbi zesinyithi (Fe, Cu, Pb-Zn) zihlala zinobunzima obuphezulu beMohs (6-8). Iintsimbi ezingezizo zesinyithi (iphosphate, ifluorite) zithambile (iMohs 3-5), kodwa iintsalela zihlala ziqulathe ukungcola okunobunzima obuphezulu njengequartz.

Ukusasazwa kwamasuntswana:I-ore etyumkileyo: 10-50 mm; Iintsila: 0.1-5 mm; I-ore egayiweyo: <0.074 mm (ukuhambisa umgubo).

Impembelelo:Amasuntswana amakhulu (>20 mm) abangela "ukuguguleka okugobayo" xa kutyibilika ngesantya esiphezulu; amasuntswana amancinci (<5 mm) abangela "ukuguguleka okugobayo." Xa edibene, anciphisa kakhulu ubomi bombhobho.

•Imeko yeendaba ezidluliselweyo:

Ukuhamba kolwelo oluqinileyo (udaka):Xa kusetyenzwa ngokumanzi, umxholo oqinileyo we-slurry ufikelela kwi-30%-60% (umz., iintsalela ze-copper flotation). Izithwali zolwelo (amanzi/iikhemikhali) zikhawulezisa ukukhukuliseka kwamasuntswana.

Ukuhamba kwegesi eqinileyo:Kwinkqubo yokucubungula/uthuli olomileyo, isantya somoya se-15-30 m/s senza amasuntswana amancinci (uthuli lwamalahle/ore) akhukulise ngokuphindwe kathathu ukuya kahlanu kunakwi-slurry.

Ukubola:Iislurries ezine-sulfides (umz., i-pyrite) zenza i-acidic media (pH <4) kwiimeko ezifumileyo, nto leyo ekhawulezisa ukubola kwesinyithi.

II. Indawo Yokusebenza: Iimeko Ezinzima Neengxaki Ezigqithisileyo

•Ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo:

Ukutshintshatshintsha kobushushu:Ngaphantsi komhlaba: 5-35°C; Izityalo zokusila (ubushushu boomatshini): >50°C; Iidiphozithi ze-hydrothermal: >80°C.

Impembelelo yoxinzelelo:Iintloko zepompo eziyi-100-300 m (uxinzelelo lwe-1-3 MPa). Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kuxinzelelo kwiindawo ezigobileyo luqinisa impembelelo yamasuntswana.

•Imiqobo yokungcangcazela kunye nokufakelwa koomatshini:

Imithombo Yokungcangcazela:Ii-crushers, ii-ball mills (ii-frequency ze-10-50 Hz, i-amplitude ye-2-10 mm) zikhulula uqhagamshelo lweepayipi kwaye zibangele ukudinwa kwemiphetho ye-weld.

Imida Yesithuba:Iitonela ezimxinwa ezingaphantsi komhlaba zifuna ukugoba okuqinileyo (i-radius R ≤ 5D), apho amazinga okuguguleka aphezulu ngokuphindwe ka-5-8 kuneendawo ezithe tye.

III. Iimeko zeZixhobo: Umthwalo omninzi kunye nokusebenza rhoqo

•Iiparameter zeNkqubo yokuThutha:

Isantya sokuhamba kunye nesantya:I-ore erhabaxa: 3-5 m/s; I-slurry ecolekileyo: 1.5-3 m/s. Umthamo womgca omnye: 1000-3000 m³/h, ifuna ukumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka.

Umgama woThutho:Umngxuma ovulekileyo: iikhilomitha ezininzi; Umhlaba ongaphantsi komhlaba: 500-2000 m. Imigama emide ibangela ukubola okwandayo.

•Imijikelo yokuQala nokuMisa kunye noLondolozo:

Ukuhamba ngebhayisekile rhoqo:Uhlengahlengiso lwenkqubo olusekelwe kudidi lwe-ore lukhokelela ekuqaliseni/ekumiseni kwemihla ngemihla ezili-10-20. Uxinzelelo olukhawulezileyo (isando samanzi) lufikelela kuxinzelelo oluphindwe kabini ukuya kathathu.

Iifestile zoLondolozo olufutshane:Ukuqhubeka kwemveliso ephezulu kunciphisa ukuvalwa konyaka ukuya kwiintsuku ezingaphantsi kwe-15, nto leyo efuna ukutshintshwa kwepayipi ngokukhawuleza.