Merafo

Indasteri ea Merafo ke eng

Indasteri ea merafo e akaretsa ho batlisisa, ho ntša le ho sebetsana le mehloli ea liminerale (joalo ka mashala, peterole, litšepe, jj.) ho fihlela litlhoko tsa nts'etsopele ea eneji, thepa ea indasteri le meralo ea motheo.

Ho merafo ho kenyeletsa ho ntsha diminerale tse tiileng tse hlahang ka tlhaho (mohlala, mashala le diminerale), mokelikeli (mohlala, oli e tala), kapa diminerale tsa kgase (mohlala, kgase ya tlhaho). Sena se kenyeletsa ho merafo ka tlasa lefatshe kapa ka sekoting se bulehileng, tshebetso ya morafo, le mesebetsi yohle e thusang ya ho lokisa e atisang ho etswa sebakeng sa morafo kapa haufi le sona - jwalo ka ho sila, ho sila, ho nona, le kalafo - e reretsweng ho lokisa thepa e tala. E boetse e akaretsa tshebetso ya bohlokwa bakeng sa dihlahiswa tse ka rekiswang. Mesebetsi e kang pokello/tlhwekiso/kabo ya metsi, ho etsa dipatlisiso tsa jeoloji, le boenjiniere ba kaho ha e kenyelletswe.

Tlhophiso ea Indasteri (E Thehiloe ho GB/T4754-2017)

Lekala la merafo le arotsoe ka tsela e latelang:

•Merafo le ho Hlatsoa ha Mashala: Ho ntša le ho sebetsana le mehloli ea mashala.

•Ho Ntša Oli le Khase ea Tlhaho: Ho ntša oli e tala le khase ea tlhaho lebōpong le lebōpong la leoatle.

•Merafo ea Tšepe e nang le Ferrous/Non-ferrous: Ho ntša litšepe tse nang le Ferrous (tšepe, manganese, chromium) le litšepe tse seng tsa Ferrous (koporo, loto, zinki, jj.).

•Merafo e seng ea tšepe: Ho ntša liminerale tse seng tsa tšepe tse kang lehlabathe, lehlohlojane le liminerale tsa lik'hemik'hale.

•Mesebetsi ea Tšehetso ea Merafo: Phano ea tšehetso ea tekheniki le lits'ebeletso tsa thepa bakeng sa ho ntša metsi.

•Merafo e Meng: E ​​akaretsa mehloli e khethehileng joalo ka matla a geothermal le metsi a diminerale.

Sebopeho sa Ketane ea Indasteri

Ketane ea boleng ea merafo e kenyelletsa lipatlisiso, ho ntša, ho sebetsana le lintho (mohlala, ho hlophisoa ha tšepe, ho qhibilihisa), le ho sebelisa hape mehloli, ho fana ka thepa ea motheo bakeng sa litsamaiso tsa indasteri.

Liphephetso tsa Ts'ebetso ho tsa Merafo

Merafo ke sebaka sa bohlokoa sa ts'ebeliso bakeng sa li-valve le liphaephe, moo maemo a thata a ts'ebetso a amang ka kotloloho khetho ea liphaephe, moralo le nako ea bophelo. Ka tlase ke tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng ea liphephetso tsa merafo bakeng sa liphaephe ka mahlakore a mane, ka data e tšehetsang le mehlala:

I. Litšobotsi tsa Media: Ho Tiea ho Hoholo, Ho Abrasion ho Matla, Phallo ea Mehato e Mengata

•Boima ba thepa le boholo ba likaroloana:

Mefuta ea Liminerale:Majwe a tshepe (Fe, Cu, Pb-Zn) hangata a na le boima bo phahameng ba Mohs (6-8). Majwe a seng a tshepe (phosphate, fluorite) a bonolo (Mohs 3-5), empa hangata majwe a mesaletsa a na le ditshila tse thata jwalo ka quartz.

Kabo ea Likaroloana:Lejwe le sitsitsweng: 10-50 mm; Mehatla: 0.1-5 mm; Lejwe le sitsitsweng: <0.074 mm (ho tsamaisa phofo).

Tšusumetso ea Tšusumetso:Likaroloana tse kholo (>20 mm) li baka "ho senyeha ho hoholo" phallong e phahameng ea lebelo; likaroloana tse nyane (<5 mm) li baka "ho senyeha ho hoholo." Ha li kopantsoe, li khutsufatsa bophelo ba liphaephe haholo.

•Boemo ba Mecha ea Litaba e Fetisitsoeng:

Phallo ea Metsi a Tiileng (Slurry):Ha ho sebetsoa ka metsi, seretse se tiileng se fihla ho 30%-60% (mohlala, di-flotation tailings tsa koporo). Dijari tsa metsi (metsi/dikhemikhale) di potlakisa kgoholeho ya dikarolwana.

Phallo e Tiileng ea Khase:Taolong ea ts'ebetso/lerōle le omileng, lebelo la moea la 15-30 m/s le etsa hore likaroloana tse tšesaane (lerōle la mashala/ore) li hoholehe ka makhetlo a 3-5 ho feta ho slurry.

Ho senyeha ha lintho:Marotholi a nang le sulfide (mohlala, pyrite) a etsa media ea asiti (pH <4) maemong a mongobo, e leng se potlakisang ho bola ha tšepe.

II. Tikoloho ea Ts'ebetso: Maemo a Feteletseng le Mathata

•Mocheso le Khatello:

Phetoho ea mocheso:Ka tlas'a lefatše: 5-35°C; Limela tsa ho sila (mocheso oa mechine): >50°C; Li-deposit tsa hydrothermal: >80°C.

Tšusumetso ea Khatello:Lihlooho tsa pompo tsa 100-300 m (khatello ea 1-3 MPa). Liphetoho tsa khatello ea tšohanyetso ha li kobeha li matlafatsa tšusumetso ea likaroloana.

•Litšitiso tsa ho thothomela le ho kenya mechine:

Mehloli ea ho thothomela:Li-crusher, li-ball mill (maqhubu a 10-50 Hz, bophahamo ba 2-10 mm) li lokolla likhokahano tsa liphaephe 'me li baka mapetso a mokhathala mathōkong a weld.

Meeli ea Sebaka:Lithanele tse tšesaane tse ka tlas'a lefatše li hloka ho kobeha ho tiileng (radius R ≤ 5D), moo sekhahla sa ho tsofala se leng holimo ka makhetlo a 5-8 ho feta likarolo tse otlolohileng.

III. Maemo a Lisebelisoa: Mojaro o Phahameng le Ts'ebetso e Tsoelang Pele

•Liparamente tsa Sistimi ea Phetisetso:

Lebelo la Phallo le Sekhahla:Majwe a kobehileng: 3-5 m/s; Lerōle le lesesaane: 1.5-3 m/s. Bokgoni ba mohala o le mong: 1000-3000 m³/h, a hlokang kgatello e phahameng le kgatello e phahameng.

Sebaka sa Phalliso:Sebaka se bulehileng: dikhilomithara tse mmalwa; Ka tlasa lefatshe: 500-2000 m. Maeto a malelele a baka tshenyo e kopaneng.

•Lipotoloho tsa ho Qala le ho Emisa le Tlhokomelo:

Ho palama baesekele khafetsa:Liphetoho tsa ts'ebetso tse ipapisitseng le boleng ba tšepe li lebisa ho qaleng/ho emisa ka letsatsi ka makhetlo a 10-20. Ho phahama ha khatello ea nakoana (hamore ea metsi) ho fihla khatellong ea ho sebetsa ka makhetlo a 2-3.

Lifensetere tsa Tlhokomelo e Khutšoanyane:Ho tswela pele ha tlhahiso ho hoholo ho fokotsa ho kwalwa ha selemo le selemo ho matsatsi a ka tlase ho 15, e leng se hlokang ho nkelwa sebaka ha diphaephe ka potlako.